Then align the stack on a 16-byte boundary, so maybe another push is needed to decrease rsp by 8 bytes. just the lower bits as you move to the right of the row. To correct your code, insert add rsp, 8 before and spl, -16, for example. x86_64 Calling Conventions // Adam Hacks Fastcall is the default calling convention on X64 where in the first 4 parameters are passed via the registers RCX, RDX, R8, R9. A function calling this needs to have at least 32 bytes of stack to store the parameters and align the stack upon call. Thus, after we pushed the function's arguments, at least two additional registers are pushed on the . I came here from riscv/riscv-isa-manual#44. To understand this better, we will dissect the information in . Given the expanded register set, x64 uses the __fastcall calling convention and a RISC-based exception-handling model. On this processor, a word is defined to be 16 bits in size, a dword 32 bits and a qword 64 bits. All other registers need to be preserved by the caller (e.g. Accessing Function Arguments. x64 compilers can assume the presence of SSE registers, which on Windows have a calling convention associated with them (XMM6-15 are nonvolatile, aka callee-save). All other part of MS' ABI might, or might not be compatible to that one of gcc (and llvm?). So, for consistency's sake, it makes sense to adopt that calling convention for your own 32-bit DLL's as well. . •Enable code re-use (e.g. x86 interrupt calling convention: re-align stack pointer on 64-bit if ... stack frame Address Value (64 bit) 0000 7FFF FFFF E870 0000 0000 0000 0000 What is the 'shadow space' in x64 assembly? - newbedev.com " The stack pointer must be aligned to 16 bytes, except for leaf functions, in any region of code that isn't part of an epilog or prolog. Shellcode: Dual mode PIC for x86 (Reverse and Bind Shells for Windows) %ifdef CLEAN ; 64-bit calling convention considers RAX, RCX, RDX, R8, R9, R10 and R11 PUSH RAX ; volatile. This makes pure asm programming (without macros) quite difficult and requies new coding style.
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